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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

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Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

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Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
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Annular drug eruptions.

Wei-Hsin Wu1, Chia-Yu Chu1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

Clinics in Dermatology
|January 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are skin changes from medications, often mimicking other conditions. Prompt identification and withdrawal of the drug are key, especially for severe reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) manifest as diverse skin lesions.
  • These reactions can mimic various dermatological conditions, presenting with varied configurations.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion, medication history, and differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail clinical presentations, histopathology, and implicated medications for CADRs.
  • To focus on CADRs presenting with annular configurations.
  • To discuss management strategies for CADRs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of CADRs.
  • Analysis of histopathological findings.
  • Correlation of eruptions with medication exposure history.

Main Results:

  • Drug eruptions present with diverse morphologies including annular patterns.
  • Most CADRs are self-limited upon drug withdrawal.
  • Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are rare but life-threatening.

Conclusions:

  • CADRs require high clinical suspicion for timely diagnosis.
  • Understanding varied presentations, including annular forms, is crucial.
  • Prompt recognition and management of SCARs are vital for patient survival.