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Adverse pregnancy outcomes and occlusal traits in the primary dentition: A prospective cohort (BRISA)

Antonio Carlos Silva Júnior1, Cláudia Maria Coelho Alves1,2, Rafiza Félix Marão Martins2,3

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhao, São Luís, Brazil.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|January 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) did not directly cause early childhood dental issues like overjet or crossbite. However, APO was linked to lower child growth, while breastfeeding promoted it, and pacifier use negatively impacted dental occlusion.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) encompass conditions like low birthweight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction.
  • The impact of APO on early childhood occlusal development remains incompletely understood.
  • Investigating mediation pathways can elucidate complex relationships between prenatal factors and dental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and occlusal traits in primary dentition.
  • To explore potential mediation pathways, including child growth, breastfeeding, and pacifier use.
  • To assess direct and indirect effects of APO on specific occlusal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study (BRISA) including 217 children with data from birth to 36 months.
  • Structural equation modeling (SEM) used to test a theoretical model.
  • APO (low birthweight, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction) as primary exposure; occlusal traits (overjet, crossbite, crowding) as outcomes.

Main Results:

  • No direct association found between APO and overjet, anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, or crowding.
  • Indirect effects of APO on occlusal traits were also non-significant.
  • APO correlated with lower child growth; breastfeeding correlated with higher child growth; pacifier use associated with increased overjet and posterior crossbite.

Conclusions:

  • APO is not identified as a direct risk factor for common occlusal problems in early primary dentition.
  • Child growth is negatively impacted by APO and positively influenced by breastfeeding.
  • Pacifier use demonstrates a detrimental effect on dental occlusion development.
Abstract

Keywords:
childfetal growth retardationinfantlow birth weightmalocclusionpremature birth

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