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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Engineering synthetic RNA devices for cell control.

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Synthetic RNA devices offer versatile sensing and actuation for biological engineering. Recent advances are expanding their capabilities, overcoming limitations in analyte detection and action mechanisms for sophisticated applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Molecular engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a versatile molecule with roles in genetic information encoding and molecular interactions.
  • RNA devices integrate sensing, processing, and actuation for programmable biological functions.
  • Current limitations include the range of detectable analytes and available mechanisms of action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advancements in synthetic RNA-based devices.
  • To address challenges in expanding the sensing capabilities and functional mechanisms of RNA devices.
  • To demonstrate the maturation of RNA-based device engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on synthetic RNA devices.
  • Analysis of novel approaches for analyte detection by RNA.
  • Exploration of new actuation mechanisms for RNA-based systems.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in broadening the scope of analytes detectable by RNA devices.
  • Development of new strategies for RNA-based signal processing and actuation.
  • Demonstration of increased sophistication and programmability in engineered RNA systems.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic RNA devices represent a maturing field with expanding potential.
  • Recent innovations are overcoming previous limitations in RNA-based sensing and actuation.
  • These advancements pave the way for more sophisticated biological engineering and therapeutics.