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Charged organic molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties offer unique functionalities. This research explores charged AIE luminogens (AIEgens), highlighting their design, properties, and diverse applications in biomimicry and materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Materials Science
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Charged organic molecules are vital in biological systems, interacting via electrostatic attraction.
  • Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a phenomenon where luminogens are non-emissive in solution but highly emissive in aggregates.
  • AIE luminogens (AIEgens) possess desirable properties like high brightness, large Stokes shift, and photostability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize progress in charged AIE systems, focusing on research from the authors' laboratory.
  • To discuss design strategies and unique properties of charged AIEgens compared to neutral analogs.
  • To showcase applications of charged AIEgens in various scientific and technological fields.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular and topological design strategies for charged AIEgens.
  • Investigation of unique photophysical properties, including donor-acceptor interactions and anion-π+ interactions.
  • Exploration of physiochemical properties such as biological targeting and reactive oxygen species generation.

Main Results:

  • Positively charged AIEgens demonstrate tunable emission wavelengths and ultralong persistent luminescence.
  • Charged AIEgens exhibit enhanced biological targeting and reactive oxygen species generation capabilities.
  • Applications demonstrated in bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, gas separation, and solar desalination.

Conclusions:

  • Charged AIEgens offer distinct advantages over neutral counterparts due to inherent charge.
  • The integration of charge into AIEgens opens new avenues for functional material development.
  • Future research directions include addressing existing challenges and exploring novel applications.