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Updated: Oct 7, 2025
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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
Published on: May 11, 2015
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[Process to insulin for type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy]
Franco Cosmi1, Simona D'Orazio2, Beatrice Mariottoni2
1Istituto Diagnostico Cesalpino, Cortona (AR).
Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)
|January 5, 2022
Summary
Insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes, while life-saving in other forms, may increase mortality and cardiovascular risks. Alternative medications are preferred for better patient outcomes and quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Insulin is vital for type 1 diabetes and acute hyperglycemia.
- Its long-term role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is under-evaluated despite frequent use in intensive treatment.
- Insulin therapy presents clinical, economic, and organizational challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the value and risks of long-term insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
- To evaluate the association between insulin treatment and mortality in T2D patients.
- To explore alternative therapeutic strategies for T2D management.
Main Methods:
- Review of observational and retrospective studies.
- Analysis of scientific literature on insulin use in T2D.
- Comparison of insulin therapy with alternative drug classes.
Main Results:
- Observational studies link insulin treatment in T2D with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
- Potential risks include hypoglycemia, weight gain, and hyperinsulinemia.
- Uncertainty exists regarding whether observed risks stem from disease severity, glycemic targets, or drug effects.
Conclusions:
- Despite lack of definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence, a high degree of suspicion warrants caution with insulin in T2D.
- Preferential use of alternative agents like SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs, and metformin is suggested.
- Alternative drugs offer proven efficacy, ease of use, and improved patient adherence and outcomes, especially in frail or high-risk individuals.
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