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Related Concept Videos

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
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Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution...
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Couette Flow01:22

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Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...
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Navier–Stokes Equations01:28

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For incompressible Newtonian fluids, where density remains constant, stresses show a linear relationship with the deformation rate, defined by normal and shear stresses. Normal stresses depend on the pressure exerted on the fluid and the rate of deformation in specific directions, which determines how fluid flows under varying pressures. Shear stresses, on the other hand, act tangentially across fluid layers. They explain how adjacent fluid layers slide relative to one another, connecting...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes
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Thermally fluctuating, semiflexible sheets in simple shear flow.

Kevin S Silmore1, Michael S Strano1, James W Swan1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. silmore@mit.edu.

Soft Matter
|January 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

We simulated semiflexible colloidal sheets in shear flow, revealing a transition from flipping to crumpling. Thermal fluctuations influence this transition and affect material properties like viscosity, impacting fluid dynamics and material processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Semiflexible colloidal sheets exhibit complex dynamics in shear flow.
  • Hydrodynamic interactions and thermal fluctuations play crucial roles in their behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamical transitions of semiflexible colloidal sheets under shear flow.
  • To quantify the effects of these dynamics on rheological properties.

Main Methods:

  • Brownian dynamics simulations were employed.
  • Hydrodynamic interactions and thermal fluctuations were included.
  • The study analyzed the influence of bending rigidity to shear energy ratio (S) and bending rigidity to thermal energy ratio.

Main Results:

  • A dynamical transition from stochastic flipping to crumpling and tumbling was observed.
  • Thermal fluctuations broadened this transition, consistent with chaotic dynamics in athermal sheets.
  • Viscosity exhibited shear-thinning up to the crumpling transition, followed by shear-thickening. Non-zero first normal stress differences showed a local maximum with temperature at large S.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the complex dynamics of fluctuating 2D materials in fluids.
  • Findings provide insights for designing solution processing methods for such materials.