Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA Receptor in Blood
07:20

A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA Receptor in Blood

Published on: January 9, 2018

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Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Masquerades as Psychosis: A Case Report

Yam R Giri, Ijendu Korie, Seema Hashmi

    Journal of Psychiatric Practice
    |January 6, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis can mimic psychosis. Early diagnosis through antibody testing and brain imaging is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder that can present with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
    • Psychosis is a common presenting symptom, often leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

    Observation:

    • A 28-year-old male presented with psychosis, agitation, and disorganized behavior, unresponsive to antipsychotic medications.
    • Brain MRI revealed diffuse hyperintensities; infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune workups were negative.
    • Positive NMDA receptor antibody tests in serum and cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the diagnosis.

    Findings:

    • The patient's psychosis resolved following treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone.
    • This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune encephalitis in unexplained psychosis, especially when accompanied by seizures.

    Implications:

    • Early screening for NMDA receptor antibodies and brain imaging is vital for diagnosing anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis presenting as psychosis.
    • Comprehensive investigations to exclude other etiologies and prompt treatment (steroids, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis, tumor removal if indicated) can significantly improve patient prognosis.

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