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A Spatial Multitarget Ultrasound Neuromodulation System Using High-Powered 2-D Array Transducer.

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    This study developed a novel ultrasound system for multitarget neuromodulation in small animals. The system enables simultaneous, precise stimulation of multiple brain regions, advancing neuroscience research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Acoustics

    Background:

    • Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a powerful neuromodulation tool in animal studies.
    • Current limitations in multitarget tFUS for small animals include transducer size and energy efficiency.
    • Developing systems for simultaneous, multi-site brain stimulation is crucial for understanding functional neuroanatomy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To engineer an ultrasound system capable of multitarget neuromodulation in small animals.
    • To address the limitations of current tFUS technology for precise, multi-site brain stimulation.
    • To create a platform for evaluating multitarget ultrasound stimulation protocols.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a miniaturized, high-powered 2-D array transducer.
    • Employed the multifocal time-reversal method to calculate phase delays for simultaneous multi-foci generation.
    • Conducted numerical simulations, in-vitro ultrasonic measurements, and transcranial simulations on a rat skull.

    Main Results:

    • The system successfully generated multiple foci simultaneously in a 3-D field.
    • Simulations and experiments showed positive correlations between axial focal length and interfocus spacing/FWHM.
    • Achieved maximum acoustic pressure of 2.21 MPa and spatial average intensity of 133 W/cm².

    Conclusions:

    • The developed ultrasound system overcomes limitations for multitarget tFUS in small animals.
    • The system demonstrated accurate focal properties and agreement between simulations and experimental results.
    • This platform facilitates research into multitarget ultrasound stimulation and functional neuroanatomy.