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Nonlinearity-Guided Dual-Spectrum Ultrasonic Inversion for Attenuation-Independent Characterization of Subwavelength

Lei Wang¹, Cong Wan², Jiacheng Wang³

¹Safety, Environment & Technology Supervision Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 12, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a new dual-spectrum inversion method for accurately measuring thin coating properties without needing to know acoustic attenuation. The advanced technique enhances nondestructive evaluation accuracy for industrial quality control.

Keywords:

attenuation-independent inversion layer-phase spectrum nonlinearity-guided optimization subwavelength coatings ultrasonic testing

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Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Acoustics
Nondestructive Testing

Background:

Accurate characterization of coating thickness, acoustic velocity, and density is crucial for industrial quality control.
Conventional ultrasonic reflection coefficient amplitude spectrum (URCAS) methods struggle with thin coatings due to the need for acoustic attenuation data, which is often unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an advanced, attenuation-independent method for the nondestructive evaluation of thin coatings.
To improve the accuracy of simultaneous inversion for coating thickness, acoustic velocity, and density.

Main Methods:

A nonlinearity-guided dual-spectrum inversion framework combining URCAS with a layer-phase spectrum was proposed.
An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was developed for parameter inversion.
Finite-element simulations and experimental validation on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings were performed.

Main Results:

The proposed method reduced mean relative errors to below 3% in simulations, compared to over 5% for conventional URCAS.
Experimental results on PTFE coatings showed average relative errors within 10%, improving accuracy by approximately 6% over amplitude-only methods.
The layer-phase spectrum demonstrated strong nonlinear sensitivity, enhancing parameter identifiability.

Conclusions:

The proposed attenuation-independent, nonlinearity-guided strategy offers an effective solution for quantitative nondestructive evaluation of subwavelength coatings.
This method is particularly advantageous for thin coatings where acoustic attenuation information is unavailable.
The dual-spectrum approach significantly improves inversion accuracy and practical applicability in industrial settings.