Bisphenol S exposure induces cytotoxicity in mouse Leydig cells

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Toxicology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Bisphenol S (BPS) is a common substitute for Bisphenol A.
• BPS exposure is linked to male reproductive dysfunction and testosterone deficiency in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the cytotoxic effects of Bisphenol S (BPS) on TM3 mouse Leydig cells.
• To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of BPS-induced cytotoxicity in Leydig cells.

Main Methods:

• In vitro exposure of TM3 mouse Leydig cells to varying concentrations of BPS (100, 200, 400 μM) for 48 hours.
• Assessment of cell viability, oxidative stress markers (ROS, SOD, catalase), mitochondrial function (mtMP, ATP), apoptosis markers (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3), and autophagy markers (Beclin1, P62, LC3B).

Main Results:

• BPS exposure decreased Leydig cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.
• BPS induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis.
• BPS treatment led to autophagic disturbance in TM3 Leydig cells.

Conclusions:

• In vitro BPS exposure exerts cytotoxicity on Leydig cells.
• Mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, autophagic disturbance, and apoptosis.
• BPS poses a potential risk to male reproductive health.