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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.9K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

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Interrogating the Tumor Microenvironment by Deep Tissue Immunoprofiling.

Nicolas Llosa1

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. nllosa1@jhmi.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the tumor microenvironment is crucial for advancing cancer immunotherapy. Analyzing key immune cells through techniques like flow cytometry helps reveal tumor-immune interactions and tolerance mechanisms.

Keywords:
GenomicsmIHCImmunoprofilingLaser capture microdissectionMicroenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The success of modern immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, highlights the critical importance of the tumor microenvironment.
  • Understanding the complex interplay of immune cells within the tumor is fundamental for deciphering cancer host immunity and mechanisms of tumor tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the essential role of tumor microenvironment analysis in cancer research.
  • To outline a stepwise approach for characterizing immune cell populations within tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry for a broad overview of immune infiltrates.
  • Genomic expression analysis for comprehensive profiling.
  • Multiparameter flow cytometry for detailed functional analysis of individual immune cell types.

Main Results:

  • The study outlines a methodological framework for dissecting tumor immunity.
  • It details a progression from macroscopic to microscopic and functional analyses of immune components.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment, achieved through integrated analytical methods, is vital for the development of effective cancer immunotherapies.
  • Characterizing immune cell populations and their functions is key to overcoming tumor tolerance and enhancing anti-cancer immunity.