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NIR-II Functional Materials for Photoacoustic Theranostics.

Zhifang Li¹, Cheng Zhang¹, Xuan Zhang²

¹Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China.

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|January 7, 2022

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Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) uses novel contrast agents in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window for enhanced disease diagnosis. These agents improve PAI resolution and depth, overcoming biological interference for better medical imaging.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Optics
Medical Imaging Technology
Nanotechnology for Medicine

Background:

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) offers noninvasive disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
The second near-infrared (NIR-II) window enhances PAI by reducing light scattering and autofluorescence.
Endogenous biomolecules interfere with NIR-II imaging, necessitating specialized contrast agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the progress of NIR-II photoacoustic (PA) contrast agents.
To discuss the applications of these agents in various biomedical fields.
To explore future research directions and potential breakthroughs in NIR-II PA contrast agent development.

Main Methods:

Classification of NIR-II PA contrast agents based on composition: inorganic, organic, and hybrid.

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Review of recent advancements in the synthesis and properties of these agents.

Analysis of their performance in preclinical and clinical applications.

Main Results:

NIR-II PA contrast agents effectively overcome endogenous absorption and emission in the NIR-II window.
These agents enable high-resolution imaging with deeper penetration depths.
Diverse applications demonstrated in cancer, inflammation, and neurological disease imaging.

Conclusions:

NIR-II PA contrast agents are crucial for advancing PAI performance.
Continued development promises improved diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.
Future research should focus on novel materials and targeted delivery for enhanced clinical translation.