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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders screening tools: A systematic review
Yi Huey Lim1, Rochelle E Watkins1, Heather Jones1
1Telethon Kids Institute, P.O. Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia.
Identifying effective screening tools for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention. This review highlights significant variations in current FASD screening tools, emphasizing the need for further research into accurate diagnostic biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Public Health
- Diagnostic Tool Development
Background:
- Screening for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is vital for early identification and management.
- Limited knowledge exists regarding the efficacy and characteristics of current FASD screening tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and identify existing FASD screening tools.
- To evaluate the performance characteristics of identified FASD screening tools.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted.
- Studies examining individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure and reporting on screening tool sensitivity and specificity were included.
- The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies-2 tool was used for quality appraisal.
Main Results:
- Sixteen studies were identified, including five for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and seven for FASD.
- Screening tools exhibited diverse approaches, performance metrics, and diagnostic criteria.
- FAS screening tools demonstrated good performance, while FASD tool performance varied.
Conclusions:
- Significant heterogeneity exists among FASD screening tools in terms of approach, performance, and linked diagnostic criteria.
- Further research is necessary to discover unique biomarkers for FASD to enhance screening tool accuracy.
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