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ADHD symptoms and diagnosis in adult preterms: systematic review, IPD meta-analysis, and register-linkage study

Rachel Robinson1, Polina Girchenko2, Anna Pulakka3

  • 1University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Rachel.robinson@helsinki.fi.

Pediatric Research
|January 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Adults born preterm do not report more ADHD symptoms but have a higher risk of ADHD diagnosis. This highlights the need for early interventions for preterm individuals to mitigate potential ADHD development.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Preterm birth is a known risk factor for various adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • The relationship between preterm birth and adult ADHD diagnosis requires further investigation.

Approach:

  • A systematic review synthesized existing literature on ADHD symptoms and diagnosis in preterm versus term-born adults.
  • An Individual Participant Data (IPD) meta-analysis examined self-reported ADHD symptoms in adults born preterm and term-born.
  • A population-based register-linkage study in Finland assessed ADHD diagnosis risk in adulthood among preterm and term-born individuals.

Key Points:

  • The IPD meta-analysis found similar self-reported ADHD symptom levels between preterm and term-born adults.
  • The Finnish register-linkage study revealed a significantly higher risk of ADHD diagnosis in adulthood for individuals born preterm.
  • Decreased ADHD risk in preterm individuals was associated with longer gestational length and higher birth weight z-scores.

Conclusions:

  • Adults born preterm exhibit a higher risk for ADHD diagnosis compared to their term-born counterparts.
  • Despite similar self-reported symptom levels, increased ADHD diagnosis rates in preterm adults warrant targeted preventive strategies.
  • These findings underscore the importance of early monitoring and interventions for preterm-born individuals to address potential ADHD development.
Abstract

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