[Latex allergy: a review on the most important aspects]

This allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction that is triggered by contact with latex. Symptoms vary depending on factors such as route, frequency, and exposure dose, as well as individual susceptibility. The clinical manifestations can be localized at the site of contact with latex or generalized. Exposure can occur directly as a result of contact with the skin and mucous membranes, that is by touching or being touched by objects with latex, or by inhaling (breathing) particles from objects with latex. Contact can also be indirect; for example, by ingesting food that has been handled by a worker wearing latex gloves or by having contact with a person who has been blowing up balloons. The diagnosis of latex allergy is made based on the patient's medical history and on what has been reported in the interrogation, and it is complemented with in vivo studies (such as skin tests and provocation tests) or in vitro studies (determination of specific IgE). The fundamental pillar in the treatment of latex allergy is the education of the patient to achieve the avoidance of products made with this material or the contact and intake of food that has had contact with latex. In view of the foregoing, latex allergy has a great medical and social relevance due to all the safety measures that the patient must take.