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Women, men and COVID-19
Yeva Aleksanyan1, Jason P Weinman2
1Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Campus 1771, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 1771, USA.
Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|January 9, 2022
Summary
Gender norms significantly impact COVID-19 outcomes. Countries with greater gender discrimination show larger differences in male and female COVID-19 cases and deaths, highlighting healthcare access disparities.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Gender bias in healthcare access and provision is prevalent.
- Women face systemic disadvantages due to gender-biased norms and socioeconomic status.
- These factors contribute to women falling through the cracks of the healthcare system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of biological factors and gender norms on reported differences in male and female COVID-19 case and death rates.
- To analyze sex-disaggregated COVID-19 data globally.
Main Methods:
- Utilized sex-disaggregated COVID-19 data from 133 countries.
- Employed bootstrapping, imputation methods, and a heteroscedastic linear regression model.
- Examined the relationship between gender norms and disparities in COVID-19 outcomes.
Main Results:
- Gender norms were identified as significant factors explaining observed differences in COVID-19 rates.
- Countries with higher levels of gender discrimination reported greater disparities in male and female COVID-19 cases and deaths.
- Limited access to resources, education, and finance for women correlated with larger outcome differences.
Conclusions:
- Women's restricted healthcare access, influenced by social norms and financial barriers, may lead to underreporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths.
- Social and financial barriers impede women's access to testing and adequate care.
- Addressing gender disparities is crucial for equitable public health responses.
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