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Complement cascade inhibition in geographic atrophy: a review.
Dhaval Desai1, Pravin U Dugel2
1Iveric Bio, 1249 South River Road, Suite 107, Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA.
Eye (London, England)
|January 9, 2022
Summary
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and geographic atrophy (GA) involve the complement cascade. Targeting complement proteins like C3, C5, and complement factors (CFB, CFD, CFH, CFI) offers potential therapeutic strategies for GA.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with geographic atrophy (GA) is linked to the complement cascade, a key part of the innate immune system.
- The complement system comprises classical, alternative, and lectin pathways involving plasma and membrane-associated proteins activated by non-self entities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of the complement cascade in the pathophysiology of dry AMD and GA.
- To identify complement proteins and factors as potential therapeutic targets for GA treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on complement pathways and their involvement in dry AMD.
- Analysis of complement proteins (C3, C5) and factors (CFB, CFD, CFH, CFI) as therapeutic targets.
Main Results:
- The convergence of complement pathways at C3 and C5 highlights their significance in dry AMD progression.
- Several complement factors (CFB, CFD, CFH, CFI) are implicated and represent viable therapeutic targets.
Conclusions:
- Complement-directed therapeutics are under investigation for dry AMD treatment.
- The development of the first approved treatment for GA may emerge from these complement-targeted approaches.
