Design of fractional order PID controller for load frequency control system with communication delay

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Control Systems
• Power Systems

Background:

• Load Frequency Control (LFC) is critical for maintaining grid stability.
• Communication delays and system nonlinearities pose significant challenges to LFC performance.
• Existing controllers often struggle with complex dynamics and uncertainties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design a robust FO-PID controller cascaded with a first-order filter for LFC systems.
• To address challenges posed by communication delays and system nonlinearities.
• To enhance the stability and performance of power grids.

Main Methods:

• A frequency-domain approach utilizing the direct synthesis (DS) method.
• Reference model development incorporating stability margins and time-domain specifications.
• Frequency response matching technique to determine controller parameters.
• Design and testing on various LFC systems with diverse dynamics and nonlinearities (GRC, GDB, noise).

Main Results:

• The proposed FO-PID controller demonstrated superior performance compared to existing controllers.
• Effective handling of communication delays and system nonlinearities was achieved.
• Successful application to the decentralized multi-area IEEE 39-bus New England test system.
• Favorable load-disturbance responses and performance indices were observed.

Conclusions:

• The developed FO-PID controller offers an effective solution for LFC in complex power systems.
• The frequency-domain approach provides a robust method for controller design.
• The controller's efficacy is validated across various system configurations and operating conditions.