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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Auditory Perception

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...

Perception of Sound Waves

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...

Sound Intensity Level

Sound Intensity Level

Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and...

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R

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Published on: December 9, 2022

Does COVID-19 have an impact on hearing?

Numan Kokten¹, Serdal Celik¹, Ahmet Mutlu¹

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

|January 10, 2022

Summary

COVID-19 may impact hearing, with a significant decrease observed at 1000 Hz post-infection. Further research is needed to confirm these findings on auditory health in larger populations.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 hearing loss pandemic

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Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Infectious Diseases
Neuroscience

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is recognized as a neurotrophic virus.
The specific impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the human auditory system remains largely undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential effects of COVID-19 on hearing function.
To assess changes in auditory thresholds and otoacoustic emissions following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 30 healthcare workers with a history of COVID-19 within the past year underwent hearing evaluations.
Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) tests were conducted during active infection and at one month post-treatment.
Otoscopic examinations were also performed for all participants.

Main Results:

A statistically significant reduction in hearing levels was observed exclusively at the 1000 Hz frequency (p < .05) when comparing pre- and post-COVID-19 PTA results in 30 patients.
No significant hearing differences were detected at other tested frequencies.
Comparisons of PTA and TEOAE results between the active infection period and post-treatment phases in 15 patients revealed no significant changes.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest a potential link between COVID-19 infection and hearing loss, particularly at specific frequencies.
Further comprehensive studies involving larger patient cohorts are warranted to validate these preliminary results and elucidate the precise relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and auditory health.