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Engineering Surface Architectures for Improved Durability in III-V Photocathodes.

Micha Ben-Naim1,2, Chase W Aldridge3, Myles A Steiner3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

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Summary

Adding a capping layer and window layer to Gallium Indium Phosphide (GaInP2) photocathodes significantly enhances photoelectrochemical water splitting stability and performance. This improved GaInP2 system demonstrates over 125 hours of operation.

Keywords:
GaInP2III−Vphotoelectrochemistryprotective layerswater splitting

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Gallium Indium Phosphide (GaInP2) is a promising material for the top junction in tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices.
  • Alloying with Aluminum Indium Phosphide (AlInP2) as a window layer (WL) and using a GaInP2 capping layer (CL) can improve performance by reducing recombination and protecting the WL.
  • Durability of III-V semiconductor systems remains a significant challenge in PEC water splitting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the durability of GaInP2-based photocathodes.
  • To evaluate the impact of window layers (WL) and capping layers (CL) on the stability of single-junction pn-GaInP2 photocathodes.
  • To explore the potential for translating these findings to dual-junction PEC devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of single-junction pn-GaInP2 photocathodes with varying configurations of WL and CL.
  • Coating photocathodes with a Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) catalytic and protective layer.
  • Performance testing of PEC water splitting over extended periods (>125 hours).
  • In situ optical imaging and post-test characterization to analyze degradation mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The photocathode incorporating both a CL and WL exhibited the highest PEC performance and longest operational lifetime.
  • The optimized GaInP2 system maintained significant current output for over 125 hours.
  • Characterization revealed insights into macroscopic degradation and chemical state evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of an MoS2 catalyst, CL, and WL provides a robust surface architecture for enhancing GaInP2 photocathode stability.
  • This surface architecture can be applied to dual-junction PEC devices using GaInP2 or other III-V top junctions.
  • The findings contribute to the development of more efficient and stable PEC water splitting systems.