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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Dopamine-Initiated Photopolymerization for a Versatile Catechol-Functionalized Hydrogel.

Hoang Linh Bui1, Cao Tuong Vi Nguyen1, Wen-Ya Lee2,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel method for creating functional catecholic hydrogels using dopamine as a photoinitiator. These biocompatible hydrogels exhibit enhanced properties for diverse biomedical applications.

Keywords:
antifouling propertydopamine-initiated photopolymerizationmedical adhesivemetal−catechol complexationmussel-inspired polymer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Biomimetic catechol-functionalized hydrogels are promising for tissue repair, drug delivery, and antimicrobial applications.
  • Existing methods for hydrogel fabrication can lead to undesirable oxidation of catecholic groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile one-pot strategy for fabricating functional catecholic hydrogels using dopamine as a photoinitiator.
  • To investigate the polymerization mechanism and optimize conditions for creating biocompatible hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • A one-pot synthesis strategy utilizing dopamine as a photoinitiator under UV irradiation in acidic solution.
  • Characterization using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-vis spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and rheological studies.
  • Incorporation of superhydrophilic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) for biocompatibility.

Main Results:

  • Dopamine initiated photopolymerization follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and prevents oxidation of catecholic groups.
  • Optimized conditions (pH, UV dose, dopamine concentration) were determined.
  • Resultant catechol-functionalized pSBMA hydrogels demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties, self-healing, injectability, adhesion, and fouling resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dopamine-initiated photopolymerization offers a straightforward and effective approach for synthesizing functional catecholic hydrogels.
  • These advanced hydrogels possess properties suitable for a wide range of biomedical applications.
  • This synthetic strategy highlights the utility of dopamine in designing advanced catecholic hydrogels.