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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
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A straightforward method for microplastic extraction from organic-rich freshwater samples.

Silvia S Monteiro1, Teresa Rocha-Santos1, Joana C Prata1

  • 1CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

The Science of the Total Environment
|January 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Efficiently extract microplastics from freshwater using optimized centrifugation for volume reduction and sodium hypochlorite for organic matter removal. This green chemistry approach enhances recovery rates and maintains polymer integrity for accurate microplastic analysis.

Keywords:
Biogenic organic matter removalCentrifugationPlastic integritySample processingWater volume reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Microplastic extraction from organic-rich freshwater is challenging.
  • Existing methods are limited and costly.
  • Need for efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop efficient methods for microplastic extraction from freshwater.
  • Focus on water volume reduction and organic matter removal.
  • Minimize economic and environmental costs while preserving microplastic integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 5 min for water volume reduction.
  • Digestion with 7% or 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at 50°C for 6 hours for organic matter removal.
  • Analysis of polymer integrity using various analytical techniques.

Main Results:

  • Centrifugation achieved high microplastic recovery rates (93 ± 6%), outperforming sieving (77 ± 22%).
  • NaClO effectively removed organic matter (86-90%) with minimal impact on polymer integrity.
  • High overall polymer recovery rates (92 ± 6%) were maintained.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized centrifugation and NaClO digestion offer an efficient, cost-effective, and green method for microplastic analysis in freshwater.
  • The proposed method significantly improves microplastic recovery and sample preparation.
  • This approach aligns with green chemistry principles for environmental analysis.