Real-life experience with hazelnut oral immunotherapy

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Pediatric Allergy
• Food Allergy Research

Background:

• Hazelnut oral immunotherapy (H-OIT) offers a potential alternative to strict hazelnut-free diets for individuals with hazelnut allergy.
• Limited research exists on the efficacy and safety of H-OIT, particularly in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptance of H-OIT in children diagnosed with hazelnut allergy.
• To assess adverse events and treatment discontinuation rates associated with H-OIT.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of medical records for children undergoing H-OIT at the University Hospital of Lyon.
• Collection of clinical data, laboratory results, and patient/parental satisfaction via questionnaire.
• Inclusion of patients with immunoglobulin E-mediated hazelnut allergy or sensitization.

Main Results:

• 70 children with hazelnut allergy were included; 60% reached the maintenance phase during the study.
• 57.1% experienced mild adverse effects at home; 2.9% had severe reactions.
• 21.4% discontinued H-OIT, primarily due to aversion to hazelnut; however, 70% of older children recommended it.

Conclusions:

• H-OIT demonstrates effectiveness and good acceptance among children with hazelnut allergy.
• High discontinuation rates and adverse reactions, though mostly mild, require consideration.
• Further research is needed to optimize H-OIT protocols and manage challenges.