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Genetic Background of Fetal Growth Restriction

Beata Anna Nowakowska1, Katarzyna Pankiewicz2, Urszula Nowacka2

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) poses significant risks, leading to adverse outcomes. This review explores genetic causes and diagnostic tools like chromosomal microarray and noninvasive prenatal testing for FGR.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Medical Genetics
  • Prenatal Diagnostics

Background:

  • Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major complication in antenatal care, linked to stillbirth, neonatal morbidity, and long-term health issues like metabolic diseases.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of FGR is crucial for improving prenatal diagnostics and patient outcomes.
  • Pathological fetal growth has severe consequences, extending beyond fetal demise to developmental challenges and chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on genetic disturbances causing FGR.
  • To analyze the impact of these genetic factors on prenatal diagnostic approaches.
  • To highlight the role of chromosomal microarray (CMA) and noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in FGR diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic causes of FGR.
  • Analysis of diagnostic techniques including CMA and NIPT.
  • Categorization of FGR causes into fetal, placental, and maternal factors.

Main Results:

  • Genetic disturbances are key factors in FGR etiology.
  • CMA and NIPT offer advanced prenatal diagnostic capabilities for FGR.
  • Distinguishing between fetal, placental, and maternal genetic causes is essential for targeted management.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors significantly contribute to fetal growth restriction.
  • Advanced prenatal testing methods like CMA and NIPT are vital for accurate FGR diagnosis.
  • Further research into genetic disturbances can optimize antenatal care strategies for FGR.

Keywords:
chromosomal microarrayfetal growth restrictiongeneticssingle nucleotide polymorphism

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