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Related Concept Videos

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents.

Srivani Veeranarayanan1, Aa Haeruman Azam1, Kotaro Kiga1

  • 1Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi 3290498, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage (phage) vectors show promise for cancer therapy by targeting unique solid tumor characteristics. Advanced genetic engineering enables phage applications beyond their antibacterial properties for improved theragnostics.

Keywords:
bacteriophagestheragnosticstumor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Solid tumors present significant therapeutic challenges due to their complex microenvironments and adaptive cancer cells.
  • Current cancer treatments face limitations, leading to treatment failure and patient mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of bacteriophage (phage) vectors for advanced cancer theranostics.
  • To discuss how phage vectors can exploit unique solid tumor features for targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current challenges in solid tumor treatment.
  • Discussion of bacteriophage engineering techniques (genetic engineering, synthetic assembly, phage display, chemical modification).
  • Analysis of phage vector applications in pre-clinical cancer studies.

Main Results:

  • Bacteriophages offer a versatile platform for cancer theranostics, extending beyond their antimicrobial functions.
  • Advances in phage engineering facilitate their development as targeted cancer therapeutic vectors.
  • Phage vectors can be tailored to exploit specific solid tumor physiological characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriophage vectors represent a promising avenue for personalized cancer medicine.
  • Exploiting tumor-specific features with engineered phages can lead to improved theranostic outcomes.
  • Further research into phage-based theranostics holds potential for overcoming current cancer treatment limitations.