The YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment and Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic
Ángel Ortega1, Ivana Vera1, Maria P Diaz1
1Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela.
The yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key in cell growth and cancer. YAP/TAZ pathway dysregulation drives tumor progression and resistance to therapies.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- The Hippo signaling pathway regulates cell growth and organ size.
- Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway.
- YAP/TAZ activity is crucial for embryonic development and tissue regeneration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of YAP/TAZ pathways in cancer development and the tumor microenvironment.
- To explore the involvement of YAP/TAZ in resistance to various cancer therapies.
- To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the YAP/TAZ pathway.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of YAP/TAZ function in cell biology.
- Analysis of YAP/TAZ involvement in carcinogenesis.
- Examination of YAP/TAZ roles in therapeutic resistance.
Main Results:
- YAP/TAZ act as transcriptional coactivators, promoting cell proliferation and survival.
- Overexpression of YAP/TAZ is linked to cancer stem cells and resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
- The nuclear binding of un-phosphorylated YAP/TAZ to TEAD is a critical mechanism.
Conclusions:
- YAP/TAZ signaling is a significant driver of cancer initiation, progression, and treatment resistance.
- Targeting the YAP/TAZ pathway presents a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment.
- Further research into YAP/TAZ mechanisms can lead to novel anti-cancer strategies.
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