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Circulating interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor during inflammation.

L L Moldawer¹, J Gelin, T Scherstén

¹Department of Surgery, University of Göteborg, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Sweden.

The American Journal of Physiology

|December 1, 1987

Summary

Serum levels of interleukin 1 (IL 1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were not consistently detected in various inflammatory conditions in mice. These findings suggest circulating monokines are not always present during an acute-phase protein response.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Inflammation Research
Biochemistry

Background:

Interleukin 1 (IL 1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha are key mediators of inflammation.
Circulating levels of these cytokines are not routinely measured across all inflammatory states.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence of IL 1 and TNF in the serum of mice experiencing different inflammatory conditions.
To determine if circulating IL 1 and TNF correlate with acute-phase protein responses.

Main Methods:

Serum IL 1 and TNF levels were measured in mice with tumors, sterile inflammation (abscess), endotoxemia, and peritonitis.
Acute-phase protein (amyloid P) concentrations were also assessed.
Mice were pre-treated with Corynebacterium parvum before endotoxin challenge in one experimental group.

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Main Results:

IL 1 and TNF were undetectable in tumor-bearing mice despite elevated amyloid P.
IL 1 was detected in mice with peritonitis or abscess, but TNF was not.
Serum TNF was only observed after reticuloendothelial system expansion with C. parvum followed by endotoxin challenge.
No evidence of circulating inhibitors for IL 1 or TNF was found.

Conclusions:

An acute-phase protein response can occur without detectable circulating IL 1 or TNF.
Circulating levels of IL 1 and TNF are not universally present in all inflammatory states.
The study challenges the assumption that these monokines are always detectable in inflammation.