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Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

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Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
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Cryptocurrencies and future financial crime.

Arianna Trozze1,2,3, Josh Kamps1,2, Eray Arda Akartuna1,2

  • 1Dawes Centre for Future Crime, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ UK.

Crime Science
|January 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptocurrency fraud is increasing globally. This review systematically identifies 47 types of crypto scams, highlighting Ponzi schemes and pump-and-dump tactics as prevalent threats requiring better definitions and collaboration.

Keywords:
BitcoinCryptocurrenciesFraudPonzi SchemesVirtual Currency

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Last Updated: Oct 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Forensics
  • Cybersecurity
  • Financial Criminology

Background:

  • Cryptocurrency fraud presents a significant and escalating global challenge.
  • Governments worldwide report rising incidents and financial losses due to cryptocurrency scams.
  • Systematic research into the full spectrum of cryptocurrency fraud has been limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a systematic review of existing cryptocurrency fraud types.
  • To define identified cryptocurrency frauds comprehensively.
  • To explore future trends and scenarios in cryptocurrency-related crime.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of academic and grey literature on cryptocurrency fraud.
  • Adherence to the PRISMA-ScR protocol for systematic screening and analysis.
  • An expert consensus exercise involving private sector, government, and academic specialists.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 47 unique types of cryptocurrency fraud across academic and grey literature.
  • Ponzi schemes and high-yield investment programs were the most frequently discussed fraud types.
  • Pump-and-dump schemes and ransomware were ranked as most profitable and feasible threats by experts.

Conclusions:

  • Research on cryptocurrency fraud is expanding but remains in early stages regarding future threats.
  • Enhanced cross-sector collaboration is crucial for addressing identified cryptocurrency fraud issues.
  • Establishing consensus on definitions is vital for effective cryptocurrency fraud mitigation.