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Technical note: Air bubble-induced performance degradation in automatic rectum segmentation from cone-beam CT.

Hanyue Zhou¹, Minsong Cao², Martin Ma²

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Medical Physics

|January 11, 2022

Summary

Severe air bubbles in the rectum significantly degrade automatic segmentation accuracy in pelvic Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Addressing these artifacts is crucial for improving segmentation performance in clinical applications.

Keywords:

Feldkamp artifacts air bubbles automatic rectum segmentation cone-beam CT mixed linear regression

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Radiology
Image Processing

Background:

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is vital for daily anatomy monitoring in radiation therapy.
Image quality limitations and artifacts, particularly from peristalsis and air bubbles, hinder CBCT's clinical utility.
Air bubble-induced artifacts in pelvic CBCT, especially in the rectum, are suspected to reduce automatic segmentation accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of air bubbles in the rectum on automatic rectum segmentation performance in pelvic CBCT.
To quantify the relationship between air bubble severity and segmentation accuracy using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).
To differentiate the effects of air bubbles from other factors influencing segmentation.

Main Methods:

Air bubbles within the rectum were extracted from CBCT data.
A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and expectation-maximization (EM) approach were used to analyze correlations.
Postprostatectomy patient data with diverse air bubble characteristics were utilized to establish regression relationships.

Main Results:

GMM revealed two distinct correlations between air bubble severity and rectum segmentation DSC.
A strong negative dependency indicated that increased air bubbles significantly reduce segmentation performance.
A secondary mild-to-moderate dependency suggested other factors like fiducial seeds and shape variations also influence segmentation.

Conclusions:

Severe air bubbles in the rectum contribute semilinearly to the performance degradation of automatic segmentation.
Implementing effective correction mechanisms for air bubble artifacts could enhance the accuracy and consistency of pelvic segmentation.
Further research into artifact mitigation is recommended to improve CBCT-based treatment planning and monitoring.