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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence
Published on: December 23, 2022
Patent Foramen Ovale Closure Indications: A Clinical Update
Brian Simpson1, Jonah DeVries1, Adam Stys2
1University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
Abstract:
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a commonly identified congenital cardiac defect, present in 25-30 percent of adults. Though usually clinically silent, PFOs can result in paradoxical embolization, resulting in platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS), migraines, myocardial infarctions, or cerebrovascular accidents. Patients with incidentally noted PFOs should be managed conservatively, but in patients with cryptogenic stroke and amenable anatomy, closure with a percutaneous closure device is recommended.
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