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[Olfactory and gustatory disorders]
M M Speth1, U S Speth2, A R Sedaghat3
1Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenkrankheiten, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Schweiz. marlenespeth@yahoo.co.uk.
HNO
|January 12, 2022
Summary
Olfactory and gustatory disorders affect 5% of the population and are linked to COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases. Current treatments are limited, but future options like grafts and implants show promise.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Otolaryngology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Olfactory and gustatory disorders are common, affecting approximately 5% of the population.
- These disorders have gained recent attention due to their association with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection, where sudden loss of smell or taste is a key symptom.
- Olfactory dysfunction is also significant in the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and is often associated with depression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the etiology and diagnosis of olfactory and gustatory disorders.
- To discuss current diagnostic and therapeutic options based on existing literature.
- To explore potential future treatments for these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current scientific publications.
- Analysis of the etiology and diagnostic approaches for smell and taste disorders.
- Evaluation of existing and emerging therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent and impact quality of life.
- Sudden olfactory loss is a hallmark symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Early olfactory dysfunction can indicate neurodegenerative diseases.
Conclusions:
- Therapeutic options for olfactory and gustatory disorders are currently limited.
- Future treatments may include innovative approaches such as autologous mucosal grafts and olfactory implants.
- Further research is needed to improve the management of these debilitating conditions.
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