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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

453
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
453
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
508
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

4
Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
4
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

1.1K
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
1.1K
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

1.0K
Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
1.0K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

829
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes
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Recent Developments in Layer-by-Layer Technique for Drug Delivery Applications.

Rajendra Kurapati1, Thomas W Groth, Ashok M Raichur2,3

  • 1CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Layer-by-layer assembly creates versatile polyelectrolyte multilayer hollow capsules (PMCs) for controlled drug delivery. Research highlights stimuli-responsive and nanomaterial-enhanced capsules, alongside applications for probiotics.

Keywords:
biomaterialscapsulescontrolled drug releasedrug deliverylayer-by-layer (LbL) self-assemblymicroparticlesmultilayer filmspolyelectrolyte multilayer capsules

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a established technique for creating polyelectrolyte multilayer hollow capsules (PMCs).
  • PMCs offer potential as drug delivery vehicles with controlled and targeted release capabilities.
  • Incorporating inorganic nanoparticles and ligands enhances capsule responsiveness and targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review 15 years of research on LbL methodology for drug delivery applications, focusing on PMCs.
  • To highlight contributions to stimuli-responsive and nanomaterial-based LbL capsules.
  • To present the application of LbL methodology for probiotics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly for fabricating polyelectrolyte multilayer hollow capsules (PMCs).
  • Functionalizing PMCs with inorganic materials like nanoparticles and ligands for enhanced properties.
  • Investigating stimuli-responsive and targeted delivery mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the versatility of LbL methodology in engineering hollow capsules and surfaces.
  • Developed stimuli-responsive and nanomaterial-enhanced PMCs for drug delivery.
  • Explored LbL applications for probiotics delivery.

Conclusions:

  • LbL methodology is a highly versatile tool for creating advanced hollow capsules and surfaces.
  • PMCs are promising for controlled and targeted drug delivery applications.
  • LbL techniques hold significant potential for biomaterials development, including probiotics delivery.