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Aromatase in the Human Brain.

Iñigo Azcoitia1, Pablo Mendez2, Luis M Garcia-Segura1,2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Androgens: Clinical Research and Therapeutics
|January 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aromatase (CYP19A1) enzyme, crucial for estrogen synthesis in the brain, regulates key functions like cognition and behavior. Its role in neurodegenerative diseases and disorders warrants further investigation.

Keywords:
agingamygdalacerebral cortexhippocampushypothalamusthalamus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Molecular Psychiatry
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • Aromatase (cytochrome P450, P450arom), encoded by the CYP19A1 gene, synthesizes estrogens from androgens.
  • It is expressed in various human brain cells, including neurons and astrocytes.
  • While animal studies highlight its role in brain function, its impact in humans is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on aromatase expression in the human brain.
  • To discuss the role of brain aromatase in regulating diverse neurological functions.
  • To explore implications for neurodegenerative conditions and psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of aromatase expression patterns in human brain regions.
  • Synthesis of findings on aromatase's functional and clinical relevance.

Main Results:

  • Aromatase is abundant in human brain regions such as the thalamus, amygdala, hypothalamus, cortex, and hippocampus.
  • Brain aromatase is implicated in sensory integration, homeostasis, social behavior, cognition, language, and integrative functions.
  • Expression is altered in neurodegenerative diseases and may influence sex-specific disease manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • Human brain aromatase plays a significant role in various neurological functions.
  • Dysregulation of brain aromatase is linked to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
  • Further research into brain aromatase offers potential clinical and therapeutic avenues.