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Molecular Mechanisms behind Persistent Presence of Parvovirus B19 in Human Dilated Myocardium

Daiva Bironaitė1, Ieva Kažukauskienė2, Julius Bogomolovas3

  • 1Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. daibironai@gmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) persistence in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients impairs mitochondria and remodels the extracellular matrix (ECM) via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Antiviral therapy may benefit PVB19-positive DCM patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The role of parvovirus B19 (PVB19) in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) pathogenesis is unclear.
  • PVB19 infection is a potential trigger for cardiac conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of chronic PVB19 persistence on myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function in nonischemic DCM patients.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies for PVB19-positive DCM.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) and sera from PVB19-positive and negative DCM patients.
  • Measurement of inflammatory cell infiltration (CD3, CD45Ro, CD68), cytokine secretion (TNFα, IL-6), fibrosis, apoptosis markers, and mitochondrial proteins (Bcl-2, Hsp60).
  • Assessed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation.

Main Results:

  • Chronic PVB19 in myocardium did not increase inflammatory cell infiltration or pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • Fibrosis was lower in PVB19-positive EMBs, but ECM-degrading MMP1 and MMP2 were upregulated twofold.
  • Mitochondrial impairment was indicated by a threefold decrease in antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Hsp60 in PVB19-positive biopsies, with no significant apoptosis or necrosis activation.

Conclusions:

  • PVB19 persistence in DCM can lead to myocardial ECM remodeling via MMPs and mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Biomarker analysis suggests potential for future apoptotic pathway activation rather than fibrosis.
  • Antiviral therapy may be beneficial for PVB19-positive DCM patients by mitigating pathological myocardial remodeling.
Keywords:
ApoptosisDilated cardiomyopathyFibrosisInflammationMMP/TIMPPVB19

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