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Published on: February 19, 2021
Developing Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude Measures for Athletes With the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior Model.
Cheryl Jia Hui Teo1, Stephen Francis Burns2, Masato Kawabata2
1Singapore Sport Institute.
This study developed reliable tools to measure athlete nutrition knowledge and attitudes. Findings indicate that nutrition knowledge positively predicts dietary behavior in athletes, challenging previous assumptions about the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior model.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Nutrition Education
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Nutrition education programs aim to enhance athlete dietary intake, but the link between knowledge and behavior is inconsistent.
- The Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior (KAB) model's effectiveness in nutrition education is debated due to methodological limitations.
- Existing research often suffers from poorly designed instruments and inconsistent study methodologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate psychometrically sound instruments for measuring nutrition knowledge and attitudes in athletes.
- To evaluate the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior (KAB) model using validated instruments within an athlete population.
- To explore the relationship between nutrition knowledge, attitude, and dietary behavior in elite athletes.
Main Methods:
- Developed a Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (NKQ) and Athlete's Perspective on Nutrition (APN) instrument based on the theory of planned behavior.
- Examined the validity and reliability of the NKQ and APN with 193 Sports Science students and 11 elite netballers.
- Administered the validated instruments to elite athletes in a pilot study to assess the KAB model.
Main Results:
- A significant positive correlation was found between nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior (r = .811, p = .01).
- Nutrition knowledge was a significant positive predictor of netballers' dietary behavior (β = .8, p = .005).
- Attitude was not found to be a significant predictor of dietary behavior (β = -.097, p = .65).
Conclusions:
- Two new, psychometrically validated instruments (NKQ and APN) are available for assessing nutrition knowledge and attitude in Asian athletes.
- The study provides evidence that nutrition knowledge is a key determinant of dietary behavior in elite athletes.
- These findings contribute to a better understanding and application of the KAB model in sports nutrition education.
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