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Related Concept Videos

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Bacterial Protein Maturation01:26

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Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Viral Structure00:56

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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Structural basis of bacteriophage lambda capsid maturation.

Chang Wang1, Jianwei Zeng1, Jiawei Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.

Structure (London, England : 1993)
|January 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage lambda

Keywords:
DNA packagingauxiliary proteinbacteriophage lambdacapsidcapsid maturationcementing proteinconformational expansioncryo-EMprocapsidvirus structure

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Virology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Bacteriophage lambda serves as a model for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus capsid assembly.
  • dsDNA virus capsid assembly involves procapsid formation, genome packaging, and shell expansion.
  • Auxiliary proteins stabilize the expanded capsid structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the capsid maturation mechanism of bacteriophage lambda.
  • To determine the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the procapsid and mature capsid.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM)
  • Structural analysis at high resolution (3.88 Å and 3.76 Å)

Main Results:

  • Identified large-scale structural rearrangements in major capsid protein gpE during maturation.
  • Observed layer-stacking effects at 3-fold vertices facilitating procapsid assembly.
  • Determined that gpD protein cements the expanded capsid against DNA packaging pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidated the dsDNA virus capsid assembly and maturation mechanism.
  • Highlighted the roles of protein conformational changes and auxiliary proteins in viral structure formation.