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Lignin valorization: Status, challenges and opportunities.

Sivasamy Sethupathy1, Gabriel Murillo Morales1, Lu Gao1

  • 1Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China.

Bioresource Technology
|January 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Lignin, an abundant biopolymer, offers potential for chemicals and biofuels via biorefining. Overcoming its recalcitrance and processing challenges is key to unlocking its circular economy value.

Keywords:
BiorefineryCircular economyIndustrial ligninLife-cycle analysisLignin-based materialsLignocelluloses fractionation

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Area of Science:

  • Biopolymer Chemistry
  • Circular Economy
  • Biorefining

Background:

  • Lignin is an abundant aromatic biopolymer with significant potential for producing valuable chemicals and biofuels.
  • Current industrial practices primarily involve combusting lignin for energy, with limited recycling of associated inorganic compounds.
  • Lignin valorization is crucial for advancing the circular economy by utilizing this renewable resource.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent research and development in lignin valorization.
  • To identify and analyze the key constraints hindering industrial lignin valorization.
  • To explore potential solutions and future perspectives for maximizing lignin's value.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of scientific publications on lignin valorization.
  • Analysis of reported applications including hydrogels, surfactants, 3D printing materials, electrodes, and fine chemicals.
  • Evaluation of challenges related to lignin's heterogeneity, recalcitrance, and processing.

Main Results:

  • Lignin valorization can yield diverse products like hydrogels, surfactants, and advanced materials.
  • Significant constraints include lignin's complex structure, recalcitrance, odor, color, and fractionation difficulties.
  • Despite challenges, scientific literature reports numerous promising applications for lignin.

Conclusions:

  • Lignin's abundance and diverse applications underscore its importance for the circular economy.
  • Addressing lignin's inherent challenges is essential for successful industrial valorization.
  • Continued research and development are vital to unlock lignin's full potential beyond energy production.