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Borromean Supercounterfluidity.

Emil Blomquist1, Andrzej Syrwid1, Egor Babaev1

  • 1Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters
|January 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a new superfluid state in a three-component Bose mixture. This state halts coflow but allows dissipationless counterflows between component pairs, revealing unique quantum properties.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Superfluidity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon observed in certain fluids at very low temperatures.
  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are a state of matter formed by cooling bosons to near absolute zero.
  • Optical lattices provide a powerful tool for simulating condensed matter systems with ultracold atoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the exotic quantum states of matter in multi-component Bose mixtures.
  • To explore the unique transport properties of a three-component Bose mixture in an optical lattice.
  • To identify and characterize a novel superfluid state with distinct superfluid transport behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic experimental demonstration using a three-component Bose mixture.

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  • Trapping the Bose mixture in a tunable optical lattice potential.
  • Observing and analyzing the superfluid transport properties, including coflow and counterflow regimes.

    • Main Results:

    • Observation of a new superfluid state of matter in the three-component Bose mixture.
    • Arrested superfluid transport involving simultaneous coflow of all three components.
    • Dissipationless counterflow transport observed between any pair of the three components.
    • Identification of two independent superfluid degrees of freedom governing three types of counterflows.

    Conclusions:

    • The discovered state represents a novel phase of matter with unique superfluid properties.
    • The findings offer new insights into the complex behavior of multi-component quantum systems.
    • This work opens avenues for exploring exotic quantum phenomena in engineered atomic systems.