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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Atomic physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • The Dicke model describes collective interactions between atoms and light.
  • Periodically driven systems can exhibit exotic quantum phases.
  • Open quantum systems allow for dissipation and external driving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To realize and investigate a periodically driven open three-level Dicke model.
  • To demonstrate the emergence of a novel dynamical phase.
  • To explore the time crystalline character of this phase.

Main Methods:

  • Realization of a three-level atom-cavity system.
  • Resonant shaking of the pump field to induce periodic driving.
  • Observation of atomic localization and momentum oscillation.
  • Measurement of the relative phase switching between pump and cavity fields.

Main Results:

  • Emergence of a dynamical phase with periodic atomic localization.
  • Observation of oscillating net momentum along the pump axis.
  • Detection of periodic phase switching at a fraction of the driving frequency.

Conclusions:

  • The driven open three-level Dicke model exhibits a unique dynamical phase.
  • This phase displays characteristics suggestive of time crystalline behavior.
  • The observed phenomena offer new insights into driven quantum systems.