Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

5.3K
Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
5.3K
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

4.6K
Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
4.6K
Amino Acid Catabolism01:18

Amino Acid Catabolism

295
Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
295
Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry01:27

Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry

542
Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
542
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

1.8K
The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
1.8K
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.2K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tissue-specific experimental evolution reveals adaptive trade-offs in the plant vascular pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

Leaf Developmental Stage Influences Disease Resistance in Tomato.

Molecular plant pathology·2025
Same author

Cervical Cancer Screening Using Papanicolaou Smear and Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid and Their Correlation With Colposcopy.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Control of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) in tomato plants using in vivo synthesized dsRNA.

Journal of experimental botany·2025
Same author

Employing Bacillus and Pseudomonas for phytonematode management in agricultural crops.

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology·2024
Same author

Rumen protozoa are a hub for diverse hydrogenotrophic functions.

Environmental microbiology reports·2024
Same journal

Balancing deterministic and stochastic assembly during needle aging shapes phyllosphere microbial community complexity and stability.

Environmental microbiome·2026
Same journal

Deep metagenomics uncovers functional adaptations and pathogenic risks in the gut microbiome of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella).

Environmental microbiome·2026
Same journal

Host genotype and edaphic factors shaped bacterial communities associated with native and endemic medicinal Artemisia species in arid environment.

Environmental microbiome·2026
Same journal

Identification of keystone taxa shaping biocrust formation and biodeterioration of limestone monuments in the Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty.

Environmental microbiome·2026
Same journal

Season and soil properties structure bacterial communities in hyperacid (pH ≤ 2) fumarolic soils of the Tatun Volcanic Group.

Environmental microbiome·2026
Same journal

A cooperative cobalamide biosynthesis guild in the endosphere of the edible aquatic plant Wolffia globosa Mankai.

Environmental microbiome·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry
04:36

Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry

Published on: May 10, 2024

982

Cytokinin-microbiome interactions regulate developmental functions.

Rupali Gupta1, Dorin Elkabetz1,2, Meirav Leibman-Markus1

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.

Environmental Microbiome
|January 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant aging alters the phyllosphere microbiome, reducing beneficial bacteria. Cytokinin (CK) mitigates these changes, supporting plant development and productivity through microbial interactions.

Keywords:
BacillusCytokininMicrobiomeMorphogenesisPlant developmentPlant growth promotion

More Related Videos

Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle
06:56

Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle

Published on: October 8, 2021

2.7K
A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice
07:54

A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice

Published on: July 25, 2017

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry
04:36

Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry

Published on: May 10, 2024

982
Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle
06:56

Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle

Published on: October 8, 2021

2.7K
A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice
07:54

A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice

Published on: July 25, 2017

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Microbiome research
  • Hormone signaling

Background:

  • Plant-microbe interactions are crucial for plant health and defense.
  • The influence of plant age on microbiome assembly is not fully understood.
  • Cytokinin (CK) is a key plant hormone regulating growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between plant developmental stage and phyllosphere microbiome assembly.
  • To determine the role of cytokinin (CK) in modulating age-related microbiome shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of age-dependent changes in the phyllosphere microbiome.
  • Comparison of microbiome composition in different plant genotypes with varying CK levels or sensitivity.
  • Application of Bacillus isolates to seedlings and mature plants to assess effects on development and productivity.

Main Results:

  • Microbial richness and diversity declined with plant age, along with growth-promoting Bacilli.
  • This age-related decline was not observed in CK-rich or CK-hypersensitive plants.
  • Bacillus isolates from CK-rich plants influenced developmental gene expression and enhanced plant yield.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokinin (CK) plays a role in supporting plant developmental functions, partly mediated by the associated bacterial community.
  • This highlights a mechanism by which CK influences plant health and agricultural productivity.