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Pest categorisation of Maconellicoccus hirsutus
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
|January 17, 2022
Summary
The pink hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) is a polyphagous pest that has established in Cyprus and Greece. Its introduction to the EU poses a significant economic risk to crops and ornamentals.
Area of Science:
- Plant Health
- Entomology
- Pest Risk Assessment
Background:
- Maconellicoccus hirsutus, the pink hibiscus mealybug, is native to Southern Asia.
- It has established in tropical and subtropical regions globally, with reported occurrences in Cyprus and Greece (Rhodes) within the EU.
- This pest is not currently listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072.
Purpose of the Study:
- To perform a pest categorisation of Maconellicoccus hirsutus for the European Union.
- To assess the potential risks associated with the introduction and establishment of this pest in the EU.
- To determine if M. hirsutus meets the criteria for a potential Union quarantine pest.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and data analysis on M. hirsutus biology, distribution, and host range.
- Assessment of climatic conditions and host plant availability in EU member states.
- Evaluation of potential pathways for entry and spread within the EU.
Main Results:
- M. hirsutus is highly polyphagous, affecting 229 genera across 78 plant families, including economically important EU crops like cotton, citrus, grapes, and ornamentals.
- Optimal female development occurs at 29.0°C, with up to 15 generations per year under optimal conditions.
- Climatic conditions in Mediterranean EU states and host plant availability are conducive for establishment, with potential entry pathways including plants for planting, fruits, vegetables, and cut flowers.
Conclusions:
- The introduction of M. hirsutus is expected to have a significant economic impact on the EU through damage to ornamental plants and reduction in yield and quality of key crops.
- Phytosanitary measures can mitigate the risk of entry and spread, but uncertainties remain regarding establishment areas, greenhouse pest potential, and natural enemy influence.
- M. hirsutus meets the criteria to be considered a potential Union quarantine pest by the EFSA Panel on Plant Health.
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