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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

8.4K
A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System
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Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

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Latest knowledge about changes in the proteome in microgravity.

Herbert Schulz1,2, Sebastian M Strauch3, Peter Richter4

  • 1Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.

Expert Review of Proteomics
|January 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Space exploration poses health risks due to microgravity (µg). Studies reveal µg alters cells and proteins, highlighting its extreme stress on life, necessitating advanced OMICS investigations for understanding these changes.

Keywords:
Real microgravitycancerhuman cellsplantsproteomerodentssimulated microgravity

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Area of Science:

  • Space biology
  • Proteomics
  • Cellular biology

Background:

  • Long-term spaceflight induces health issues in humans and biological changes in organisms.
  • Deep space missions increase exposure to microgravity (µg), radiation, hypodynamia, and isolation.
  • OMICS investigations are crucial for understanding µg-induced biological alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on microgravity-induced proteome changes in various cell types.
  • To focus on medicine-associated impacts, including antibiotic resistance and cardiovascular effects.
  • To emphasize microgravity as an extreme environmental stressor.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent (3-year) scientific literature on microgravity effects.
  • Analysis of proteomic, epigenetic, and transcriptional data.
  • Focus on medicine-associated findings like antibiotic resistance and osteoarthritis.

Main Results:

  • Microgravity induces significant changes in the proteome of protists, plants, and animal cells.
  • Observed effects include increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria and myocardial issues.
  • Microgravity acts as a potent stressor, potentially driving evolutionary adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing direct stress responses from specific microgravity effects is vital in µg research.
  • Multi-omics approaches, integrating protein-protein interactions with epigenetic and transcriptional data, offer deeper insights.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is key to mitigating health risks in space exploration.