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Exploring the Relationship Between Community Program Location and Community Needs.

Hannah Shadowen1, Kristen O'Loughlin2, Kelly Cheung2

  • 1From the Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (HS); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (KO); Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (AR, RTS); Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (JH, KC, AHK); YMCA of Greater Richmond, Richmond, VA (WT). shadowenhm@vcu.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Community programs often fail to align with community needs, creating barriers to accessing essential health and social support services. This lack of co-location impacts individuals seeking assistance for various social determinants of health.

Keywords:
Family MedicineFood InsecurityGeospatial AnalysisHealth BehaviorHousingMental HealthSocial Determinants of Health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Community Health

Background:

  • Social needs, mental health, and health behaviors significantly influence health outcomes.
  • Integrating community programs with clinical care can address these complex patient needs.
  • The spatial relationship between community program locations and areas of greatest need remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map and analyze the geographic distribution of community programs addressing social needs in Richmond, Virginia.
  • To compare the locations of these programs with census tract-level data on community needs.
  • To determine if community programs are co-located with the populations they aim to serve.

Main Methods:

  • Identified and geolocated 280 community programs across 9 domains: mental health, smoking, alcohol use, nutrition, physical activity, transportation, financial, housing, and food insecurity.
  • Assessed community needs using public data for each census tract.
  • Employed hotspot analysis and negative binomial regression to evaluate program location against need.

Main Results:

  • Most programs offered financial (n=121) or housing (n=73) support.
  • Regression analysis revealed a general lack of correlation between program numbers and need levels across census tracts.
  • Exceptions included a positive association for financial programs with financial need and a negative association for housing programs with housing need.

Conclusions:

  • Community-based programs are frequently not situated in areas with the highest levels of need.
  • This spatial mismatch presents a significant barrier for individuals seeking support for critical health and social determinants.
  • Strategic co-location of services is essential to improve access and address community health disparities.