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COVID-19 associated vasculitis: A systematic review of case reports and case series

Kalai Wong1, Mir Umer Farooq Alam Shah2, Maman Khurshid2

  • 1UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, USA.

Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)
|January 18, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 can cause vasculitis, a rare complication. This review of 9 cases found common skin rashes and successful treatment with heparin, corticosteroids, or IV immunoglobulin in most patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • COVID-19, a novel coronavirus infection, has been associated with various complications.
  • Vasculitis, inflammation of blood vessels, is an emerging complication of COVID-19.
  • Understanding the link between COVID-19 and vasculitis is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing literature on vasculitis associated with COVID-19.
  • To analyze the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19-related vasculitis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed.
  • Studies published from December 1, 2019, to October 11, 2021, were included.
  • Data from 8 studies (7 case reports, 1 case series) involving 9 patients were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Nine cases of vasculitis secondary to COVID-19 were identified, with a mean age of 29.17 years (range: 6 months to 83 years).
  • The male to female ratio was 4:5. Common presentations included maculopapular, violaceous, papular, and erythematous rashes.
  • Treatments included heparin, corticosteroids (methylprednisolone), and intravenous immunoglobulin. Eight out of nine patients showed significant clinical improvement; one patient died.

Conclusions:

  • Vasculitis is a potential complication of COVID-19, presenting with diverse skin manifestations.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management, often involving immunosuppressive therapies, can lead to favorable outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology and long-term implications of COVID-19-associated vasculitis.

Keywords:
COVID-19COVID-19, Coronavirus disease of 2019IgA vasculitisIgA, Immunoglubulin AKawasaki diseaseLeukocytoclastic vasculitisSARS-C0V, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2SARS-CoV-2Vasculitis

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