Cardiorespiratory and Emotional Responses During Balance Exercises.

Area of Science:

• Exercise Physiology
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Sports Science

Background:

• Unstable surface exercises are common in clinical and sports settings.
• Physiological and psychological adaptations are known, but acute autonomic and emotional responses are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate cardiorespiratory and emotional responses during balance exercises on different unstable surfaces.
• To investigate the acute effects of surface instability on physiological and psychological states.

Main Methods:

• Eighty-eight healthy participants performed balance tasks on a rigid surface, balance pad, and BOSU ball.
• Respiratory activity and heart rate variability were recorded.
• Perceived stability and emotional aspects were assessed post-task.

Main Results:

• The BOSU ball condition was perceived as more unstable and unpleasant, with higher arousal and lower dominance.
• Increased respiratory frequency and heart rate were observed in the most unstable condition.
• Significant differences (p < .05) were found in perceived stability and physiological responses.

Conclusions:

• Greater postural instability elicits physiological adjustments to maintain homeostasis.
• Cardiorespiratory and emotional responses are important considerations for unstable surface exercise safety and efficacy in rehabilitation.
• Exercise progression on unstable surfaces should account for these acute responses.