Dairy Foods: Is Its Cardiovascular Risk Profile Changing?

The majority of international guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention recommend moderate intake of low fat or fat-free products, and limiting full fat dairy food because of its high saturated fatty acid content. Recent equivocal observational studies and greater understanding of the complex nature of dairy foods has led to reappraisal for some types of dairy foods.

Current guidelines from major cardiovascular societies have differed; interpretation of major observational studies has been inconsistent. Apart from the adverse effect of butter, consumption of more complex dairy products notably fermented varieties, yogurt in particular, appears to be inversely associated with outcomes of CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reduced fat in dairy food appears advantageous but is no longer a unanimous view although is preferred for people at increased CVD risk and dyslipidemia. Changed evidence has led to new advice regarding consumption of some dairy foods. The apparent beneficial effects of cheese, fermented milk, and yogurt allow for increased consumption of nutritious staple foods. Reduced fat yogurt may be desirable as part of diets for individuals with CVD or T2D.