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Time use and mental health in UK adults during an 11-week COVID-19 lockdown: a panel analysis
Feifei Bu1, Andrew Steptoe1, Hei Wan Mak1
1Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, UK.
Background:
There is currently major concern about the impact of the global COVID-19 outbreak on mental health. But it remains unclear how individual behaviours could exacerbate or protect against adverse changes in mental health.
Aims:
To examine the associations between specific activities (or time use) and mental health and well-being among people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method:
Data were from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study, a panel study collecting data weekly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analytical sample consisted of 55 204 adults living in the UK who were followed up for the 11-week strict lockdown period from 21 March to 31 May 2020. Data were analysed using fixed-effects and Arellano-Bond models.
Results:
Changes in time spent on a range of activities were associated with changes in mental health and well-being. After controlling for bidirectionality, behaviours involving outdoor activities such as gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and well-being, whereas increased time spent following news about COVID-19 predicted declines in mental health and well-being.
Conclusions:
These results are relevant to the formulation of guidance for people obliged to spend extended periods in isolation during health emergencies and may help the public to maintain well-being during future lockdowns and pandemics.
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