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Microfluidic Surgery in Single Cells and Multicellular Systems.

Kevin S Zhang1, Ambika V Nadkarni1,2, Rajorshi Paul1

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Microfluidic systems enable precise microscale surgery on cells and organisms. This review covers mechanisms, applications, and challenges in cell sectioning, ablation, biopsy, and fusion for biological engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Manual microscale surgery is labor-intensive and lacks reproducibility.
  • Microfluidics offers high precision for manipulating cells and biological systems.
  • Applications span fundamental biology, regeneration, and antibody production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review physical and chemical mechanisms of microscale surgery.
  • To outline design principles, applications, and implementations in microfluidic systems.
  • To highlight challenges and opportunities in microfluidic surgical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of microfluidic devices for cell manipulation.
  • Categorization of microscale surgical operations: sectioning, ablation, biopsy, and fusion.
  • Analysis of mechanisms and applications for each surgical type.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidics provides precise control for various micro-surgical techniques.
  • Detailed review of four key micro-surgical operations (sectioning, ablation, biopsy, fusion).
  • Identification of specific microfluidic device designs for each surgical application.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic surgical methods are advancing biological research and engineering.
  • Further exploration and improvement of these techniques are encouraged.
  • Microfluidics presents significant opportunities for precise cellular and organismal manipulation.