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A Randomized, Single Centered, Parallel and Open Labelled Interventional Study on Effectiveness of Clinical
Ronit K Arvind1, Faizan A Beerwala1, Shashikala C Wali1
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India.
Insights
Clinical pharmacist intervention significantly improved guardian knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in children. This highlights the importance of pharmacist-led education for successful immunization programs.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pharmacology
- Public Health
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice
Background:
- Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) pose a significant threat to immunization programs, particularly in developing nations.
- Inadequate guardian knowledge, attitudes, and practices can hinder vaccination rates.
- Clinical pharmacists play a crucial role in mitigating these challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist intervention in managing adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in pediatric patients.
- To assess the impact of pharmacist-led patient counseling and information leaflets on guardian knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores.
- To analyze AEFI incidence in pediatric subjects receiving immunization.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving pediatric subjects under 5 years old receiving immunization.
- Interventional group received patient counseling and information leaflets from clinical pharmacists.
- Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and guardian KAP scores were assessed pre- and post-intervention using customized forms.
- Data analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (IBM version 22).
Main Results:
- The study included 88 pediatric subjects, with 35.22% experiencing adverse events following immunization (AEFI).
- Guardian Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) scores increased by 42.17%, 52%, and 12.67%, respectively, after pharmacist intervention.
- High vaccination rates observed, with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) being the most common.
Conclusions:
- Clinical pharmacist intervention, including educational inputs and awareness programs, is effective in combating adverse events following immunization (AEFI).
- Enhanced guardian understanding and practices contribute to the overall success of immunization programs.
- Pharmacist-led patient counseling is a valuable strategy for improving immunization outcomes.
Background:
Adverse events are a major threat to any immunization programs, which have proven to be a boon for developing nations like India. Hindering factors, such as inadequate knowledge, inappropriate attitude, incorrect practices, etc., of the guardian affect the vaccination rate.
Aim:
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist intervention on an adverse event following immunization in the pediatric population receiving immunization.
Methods:
Pediatric subjects <5 yrs of both genders receiving immunization in a tertiary care hospital during the period of 8 months were considered. Subjects were randomized into control and interventional groups. Pharmaceutical intervention was done in interventional group in the form of patient counselling, and a patient information leaflet. Adverse event following immunization was recorded and analysed for both groups along with Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice scores of guardians' pre and post intervention through customized data collection forms. Microsoft excel and statistical software SPSS IBM version 22 was used to analyse the data.
Results:
The study was conducted on a total of 88 subjects (n) in which 79 were <2 years, 1 and 8 were between 2-4 years and 4-5 years, respectively. Forty-nine subjects (55.69%) were female, while 39 were male (44.31%) with a response and completion rate of 91.66%. 97.7% of subjects received Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination (majority), while 8.88% received pneumococcal special vaccine (minority). Adverse event following immunization was recorded in 31(35.22%) cases. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice scores increased by 42.17%, 52% and 12.67%, respectively in guardians after clinical pharmacist intervention.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that educational inputs, awareness programs, and proper medical professional intervention can act as a helping factor to fight against AEFI and towards the success of an immunization program.
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