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Influence of Step-Width Manipulation on Running Biomechanics

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Published on: February 28, 2025

Increasing Step Rate Affects Rearfoot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces during Running.

Kathryn A Farina¹, Michael E Hahn¹

¹Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.

|January 21, 2022

Summary

Increasing running step rate reduces potentially harmful rearfoot and tibial motion, lowering impact forces. This finding suggests step rate adjustments may help prevent running-related injuries and improve gait.

Keywords:

cadence gait retraining injury pronation step rate tibial rotation

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Sports Medicine
Injury Prevention

Background:

High frontal and transverse plane motion in lower limbs during running are linked to running-related injuries (RRIs).
Altering step rate significantly impacts lower limb kinematics and kinetics during running.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of increased step rate on rearfoot kinematics.
To determine how ground reaction forces (GRFs) are adjusted with increased step rate.

Main Methods:

Twenty runners completed three conditions on a force-instrumented treadmill: preferred step rate, preferred step rate +5%, and preferred step rate +10%.
Marker position data were collected, and sagittal and frontal plane rearfoot angles, tibial rotation, and GRFs were calculated during the stance phase.

Main Results:

Increased step rate significantly decreased sagittal and frontal plane rearfoot angles and tibial rotation.
Vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces (GRFs) were also significantly reduced with higher step rates.
Peak rearfoot and tibial rotation angles in both sagittal and frontal planes decreased with increased step rate.

Conclusions:

Increasing step rate effectively reduces rearfoot and tibial motion, potentially mitigating injury risk.
These findings have implications for gait retraining strategies aimed at preventing running-related injuries.